Gurbacewa a masana'antar saka
● Sun Ruizhe, shugaban majalisar dinkin dinkin gargajiya ta kasar Sin, ya taba bayyana a yayin taron kolin kirkire-kirkire da fasahohin yanayi na shekarar 2019, cewa, masana'antar saka da tufafi ta zama ta biyu mafi girma wajen gurbata muhalli a duniya, ta biyu bayan masana'antar mai;
Alkaluma daga kungiyar tattalin arzikin da'irar kasar Sin sun nuna cewa, a kowace shekara ana jefa kimanin tan miliyan 26 na tsofaffin tufafi a cikin kwandunan shara a kasarmu, kuma wannan adadi zai karu zuwa tan miliyan 50 bayan shekarar 2030;
Bisa kididdigar da majalisar dinkin duniya ta kasar Sin ta yi, ta nuna cewa, a duk shekara, kasar Sin na zubar da kayan datti, kwatankwacin tan miliyan 24 na danyen mai. A halin yanzu, yawancin tsofaffin tufafi har yanzu ana zubar da su ta hanyar zubar da ƙasa ko ƙonewa, duka biyun za su haifar da mummunar gurɓata muhalli.
Magani ga matsalolin gurbatawa - fiber na tushen halittu
Zaɓuɓɓukan roba a cikin kayan yadi gabaɗaya ana yin su ne da kayan albarkatun mai, irin su zaruruwan polyester (polyester), filayen polyamide (nailan ko nailan), filaye na polyacrylonitrile ( filaye na acrylic), da sauransu.
● Tare da karuwar karancin albarkatun man fetur da kuma wayar da kan mutane game da kare muhalli. Gwamnatoci sun kuma fara daukar matakai daban-daban na rage amfani da albarkatun man fetur da kuma samun karin albarkatun da za a sabunta su da muhalli domin maye gurbinsu.
● Sakamakon karancin man fetur da matsalolin muhalli, masana'antun sarrafa fiber na gargajiya irin su Amurka, Tarayyar Turai, da Japan sannu a hankali sun janye daga samar da fiber na sinadarai na yau da kullun, kuma sun koma fiber-based fibers waɗanda ke da fa'ida da rashin tasiri ga albarkatun ko muhalli.
Ana iya amfani da kayan polyester na tushen halittu (PET/PEF) a cikin kera fiber na tushen halittu dabiobased fata.
A cikin sabon rahoto na "Textile Herald" kan "Bita da Hakkokin Fasahar Yada na Duniya", an nuna cewa:
● 100% Bio-based PET ya jagoranci shiga cikin masana'antar abinci, irin su Coca-Cola abubuwan sha, abinci na Heinz, da marufi na kayan tsaftacewa, kuma ya shiga cikin samfuran fiber na sanannun samfuran wasanni kamar Nike;
● 100% na tushen PET ko samfuran T-shirt na PEF an gani a kasuwa.
Yayin da wayar da kan jama'a game da kare muhalli ke ci gaba da karuwa, kayayyakin da ake amfani da su na halittu za su sami fa'ida ta asali a fannonin kiwon lafiya, abinci da kiwon lafiya wadanda ke da alaka da rayuwar dan adam.
● Kasata ta "Textile Industry Development Plan (2016-2020)" da "Textile Industry" Sharuɗɗa na Shekara Biyar Plan "Kimiyya da Fasaha Ci Gaba Shaci a fili ya nuna cewa gaba aiki shugabanci shi ne: don samar da sabon bio-tushen fiber kayan maye gurbin man fetur albarkatun, don inganta Industrialization na ruwa bio-tushen zaruruwa.
Menene fiber na tushen halittu?
● Fiber-based fibers na nufin zaruruwan da aka yi daga rayayyun halittu da kansu ko abin da aka samu. Misali, fiber na polylactic acid (PLA fiber) an yi shi ne da kayan amfanin gona da ke ɗauke da sitaci kamar masara, alkama, da gwoza sugar, kuma fiber alginate an yi shi da algae mai launin ruwan kasa.
Irin wannan nau'in fiber na tushen halittu ba kawai kore ba ne kuma yana da alaƙa da muhalli, amma kuma yana da kyakkyawan aiki da ƙarin ƙima. Misali, kaddarorin inji, biodegradability, wearability, rashin flammability, abokiyar fata, maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta, da kaddarorin danshi na filayen PLA ba su da kasa da na filayen gargajiya. Alginate fiber shine babban kayan albarkatun kasa don samar da kayan gyare-gyaren likitanci sosai, don haka yana da ƙimar aikace-aikacen musamman a fannin likitanci da lafiya. kamar, muna da sabon abu kirafata na halitta/vegan fata.
Me yasa ake gwada samfuran don abun ciki na tushen halitta?
Kamar yadda masu amfani ke ƙara fifita abokantaka na muhalli, amintattu, samfuran kore masu tushen halittu. Bukatar fiber na tushen halittu a cikin kasuwar yadi yana karuwa kowace rana, kuma yana da mahimmanci a samar da samfuran da ke amfani da adadi mai yawa na abubuwan da ke amfani da su don cin gajiyar masu fara farawa a kasuwa. Samfuran da suka dogara da halittu suna buƙatar abun ciki na samfurin ko yana cikin bincike da haɓakawa, sarrafa inganci ko matakan tallace-tallace. Gwajin biobased na iya taimakawa masana'anta, masu rarrabawa ko masu siyarwa:
● Samfuran R & D: Ana gudanar da gwajin gwajin kwayoyin halitta a cikin tsarin samar da samfurori na samfurori, wanda zai iya bayyana abubuwan da ke cikin samfurin don sauƙaƙe haɓakawa;
● Kula da inganci: A lokacin samar da samfurori na tushen halittu, ana iya yin gwaje-gwaje na tushen halittu akan kayan da aka kawo don tabbatar da ingancin kayan albarkatun ƙasa;
● Ƙaddamarwa da tallace-tallace: Abubuwan da suka shafi halittu zasu zama kayan aiki mai kyau na tallace-tallace, wanda zai iya taimakawa samfurori su sami amincewar mabukaci da kuma amfani da damar kasuwa.
Ta yaya zan iya gano abubuwan da ke tushen halitta a cikin samfur? - Gwajin Carbon 14
Gwajin Carbon-14 na iya bambanta yadda ya kamata akan tushen halittu da abubuwan da aka samo asali a cikin samfur. Domin kwayoyin halitta na zamani sun ƙunshi carbon 14 daidai da adadin carbon 14 a cikin yanayi, yayin da albarkatun man petrochemical ba su ƙunshi wani carbon 14 ba.
Idan sakamakon gwajin da aka samo asali na samfurin shine abun cikin carbon na tushen 100%, yana nufin cewa samfurin ya samo asali 100%; idan sakamakon gwajin samfurin ya kasance 0%, yana nufin cewa samfurin duka petrochemical ne; idan sakamakon gwajin ya kasance 50%, yana nufin cewa kashi 50% na samfurin asalin halitta ne kuma 50% na carbon asalin petrochemical ne.
Matsayin gwaji don masaku sun haɗa da daidaitaccen ASTM D6866 na Amurka, ƙa'idodin Turai EN 16640, da sauransu.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-22-2022
